GPIOs are also found on embedded controller boards such as Arduino, BeagleBone, and Raspberry Pi. Some boards, which are classified usually as multi-function I/O boards, are a combination of both such boards provide GPIOs along with other types of general-purpose I/O. Like IC-based GPIOs, some boards merely include GPIOs as a convenient, auxiliary resource that augments the board's primary function, whereas in other boards the GPIOs are the central, primary function of the board. Usually, each such GPIO is accessible via a dedicated connector pin.
Many circuit boards expose board-level GPIOs to external circuitry through integrated electrical connectors. Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) extend this ability by allowing GPIO pin mapping, instantiation and architecture to be programmatically controlled.Ī microcontroller with 29 remappable GPIOs (Microchip Technology PIC24FJ256) Some microcontroller devices (e.g., Microchip dsPIC33 family) incorporate internal signal routing circuitry that allows GPIOs to be programmatically mapped to device pins. Often in such cases it is necessary to configure the pin to operate as a GPIO (vis-á-vis its other functions) in addition to configuring the GPIO's behavior. In some ICs, particularly microcontrollers, a GPIO pin may be capable of other functions than GPIO.
#Driver parallel lines pc driver gp serial
Depending on the application, a microcontroller's GPIOs may comprise its primary interface to external circuitry or they may be just one type of I/O used among several, such as analog signal I/O, counter/timer, and serial communication. Microcontroller ICs usually include GPIOs. An example of the latter is the Realtek ALC260 IC, which provides eight GPIOs along with its main function of audio codec. Examples of the former include the Intel 8255, which interfaces 24 GPIOs to a parallel communication bus, and various GPIO expander ICs, which interface GPIOs to serial communication buses such as I☬ and SMBus. Some ICs provide GPIOs as a primary function whereas others include GPIOs as a convenient "accessory" to some other primary function. Integrated circuit (IC) GPIOs are implemented in a variety of ways.
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